Compare over 50 grades of steel and cast iron to find the right material for you—all with material certificates for traceability.
Low-Carbon Steel Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: See table
- Hardness: See table
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: See table
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
Also known as mild steel, low-carbon steel is easy to machine, form, and weld. It's widely fabricated into low-strength fasteners, pins, and axles. You can surface harden this material for added wear resistance. All have been manufactured to meet ASTM standards for quality and performance.
Cold-worked rods and discs have a finished look and quality. The cold-working process gives the steel consistent strength, hardness, and dimensions throughout.
Hot-rolled rods and discs are great for forming and fabricating. The steel undergoes less stress in the finishing process and has a little more give, so you can more easily bend and form it. It does however have a rougher surface finish than cold-worked steel.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Yield Strength, psi | Fabrication | Hardness | Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment | Specifications Met | 1 ft. Lg. | 2 ft. Lg. | 3 ft. Lg. | 4 ft. Lg. | 6 ft. Lg. | |
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 8920K88 | |||||
| 3 1/2" | 0" to 0.047" | 32,000 | Hot Rolled | Rockwell B65 (Medium) | Not Rated | ASTM A576 | 6783N14 |
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Yield Strength, psi | Fabrication | Hardness | Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment | Specifications Met | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 13"-90" | 3732N43 | 000000 |
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Yield Strength, psi | Fabrication | Hardness | Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment | Specifications Met | Pkg. Qty. | Pkg. | |
1/4" Lg. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T225 | 00000 |
1/2" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | Not Rated | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Not Rated | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T221 | 0000 |
3/4" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T226 | 00000 |
1" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | Not Rated | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Not Rated | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T222 | 00000 |
1 1/2" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T227 | 00000 |
2" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T228 | 00000 |
3" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | Not Rated | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Not Rated | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T223 | 00000 |
4" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T229 | 00000 |
6" Lg. | |||||||||
| 3 1/2" | -0.004" to 0" | Not Rated | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Not Rated | ASTM A108 | 1 | 7786T224 | 00000 |
High-Strength Easy-to-Machine 1144 Carbon Steel Rods

- Yield Strength: 100,000 psi
- Hardness:
Inch sizes: Rockwell C25 (Hard)
Metric sizes: Rockwell C19 (Medium) - Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Fabrication: Cold Drawn
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108, ASTM A311
Made with more carbon and manganese than other easy-to-machine carbon steels, 1144 carbon steel has a higher yield strength and hardness. Also known as Stressproof, these rods are stress-relieved to minimize warping during machining. Use them to fabricate parts that require stress resistance, such as gears, shafts, and bushings. For added wear resistance, these rods can be surface hardened with heat treating. All meet ASTM A108 and ASTM A311 standards for quality and performance.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Ultra-Machinable 12L14 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B85 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
The lead additive acts as a lubricant, which allows 12L14 carbon steel to withstand very fast machining. It's used to fabricate a wide variety of machine parts.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Easy-to-Machine 1215 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B85 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
A lead-free alternative to 12L14, 1215 carbon steel contains the same amount of sulfur and phosphorus for excellent machinability. It’s often used for shaft couplings, studs, and pins. For added wear resistance, you can harden its surface with heat treating. These rods meet ASTM A108 standards for manufacturing processes and performance.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
High-Strength 1045 Carbon Steel Rods and Discs

Stronger than low-carbon steel with equally good machinability, 1045 carbon steel is widely used for bolts, studs, and shafts.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength:
Inch sizes: 77,000 psi
Metric sizes: 65,000 psi - Hardness:
Inch sizes: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
Metric sizes: Rockwell B80 (Medium) - Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met:
Inch sizes: ASTM A108
Metric sizes: ASTM A108, ASTM A576
- Yield Strength: 77,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | -0.005" to 0" | 1/8" | 13"-90" | 7330N36 | 00000 |
High-Temperature Hardened Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods and Discs
For use in high heat, these rods and discs keep their strength in temperatures up to 800° F. They’re hardened for increased abrasion and impact resistance. Plus, they’re stress relieved, so there’s less chance of warping during machining. Also known as chrome-moly steel, 4140 alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress. All have been manufactured to meet ASTM standards for quality and performance.
Note: Rods and discs may be made from either 4140 or 4142 alloy steel. They are interchangeable in most applications.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.

- Yield Strength: See table
- Hardness: Rockwell C32 (Hard), Rockwell C35 (Hard)
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: See table
Ultra-High-Temperature Hardened Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods

- Yield Strength: 95,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C26 (Hard)
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
Made with vanadium, this alloy steel retains its strength at temperatures up to 1100° F. It’s hardened for increased abrasion and impact resistance. Also known as chrome-moly steel, it resists fracturing from repeated stress. These rods are used for a wide range of parts, including gears, shafts, and die holders. This steel has been manufactured to meet ASTM A193 Grade B16, the standard for ultra-high-temperature applications.
Note: Rods may be made from either 4140 or 4142 alloy steel. They are interchangeable in most applications.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Easy-to-Machine High-Strength Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 130,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C32 (Hard)
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Often called ETD-150, this modified alloy steel is drawn at high temperatures for excellent strength and machinability. Also known as chrome-moly steel, 4140 alloy steel resists fracturing from repeated stress. It is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, and shafts. These rods have been hardened for added resistance to abrasion and impact. All have been manufactured to meet ASTM A108 standards for quality and performance.
Note: Rods may be made from either 4140 or 4142 alloy steel. They are interchangeable in most applications.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods and Discs

Also known as chrome-moly steel, this versatile alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress. For added wear resistance, the surface can be hardened with heat treating. These rods and discs have been manufactured to meet ASTM standards for quality and performance.
Note: Rods and discs may be made from either 4140 or 4142 alloy steel. They are interchangeable in most applications.
Cold-worked steel rods and discs have a smooth, polished finish. They also have consistent mechanical properties and highly accurate dimensions.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C10 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Maximum Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C19 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Maximum Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C48
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Heat Treatment | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | -0.005" to 0" | Annealed (Softened) | 13"-90" | 7478N41 | 000000 |
High-Strength 4340 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 68,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
Use 4340 alloy steel for power transmission and structural applications that involve extreme impact, heat, and wear.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Easy-to-Weld Wear-Resistant 8620 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 55,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B85 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C60
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
While the low carbon content makes 8620 alloy steel easy-to-weld, it's the nickel, chromium, and molybdenum content that provides wear resistance.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Oversized Easy-to-Machine Gray Cast Iron Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C50
- Specifications Met: ASTM A247
An oversized diameter allows for finishing to your exact requirements. Gray cast iron machines faster with less wear on cutting tools than most types of steel. It also absorbs vibration, so finished parts run quieter than those made of steel. It's often used for gears, pulleys, rollers, and bushings.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Impact-Resistant Ductile Cast Iron Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: 55,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C60
- Specifications Met: ASTM A536
Ductile cast iron is strong, resilient, and able to handle repeated stress without breaking. It also absorbs vibration, so finished parts run quieter than those made of steel.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Easy-to-Machine Impact-Resistant Ductile Cast Iron Rods

- Yield Strength: 45,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C10 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C50
- Specifications Met: ASTM A536
With a high amount of ferrite, these cast iron rods are easier to machine without cracking than other impact-resistant ductile cast iron rods. Use them to create bushings, gears, pulleys, and pistons. These rods are also known as 65-45-12 ductile iron rods. All conduct electricity. They will become magnetic if exposed to a magnetic field. They’re often used to replace low and medium carbon steel rods.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
1/2 ft. Lg. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Diameter | Diameter Tolerance | |
| 3 1/2" | 0.093" to 0.169" | 8125N137 |
Oversized Multipurpose Oil-Hardening O1 Tool Steel Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: 50,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B95 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C62
An oversized diameter allows for finishing to your exact requirements. Often used for dies, punches, and gauges, O1 tool steel is an oil-hardening material that resists wear and abrasion. These rods and discs are decarb-free for a uniform surface that will consistently accept heat treating.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Mechanical Finish | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | 0.010" to 0.093" | Turned | 1/8" per 5 ft. | 13" to 90" | 5359N32 | 000000 |
Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose Air-Hardening A2 Tool Steel Rods
Precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance, these rods are ready for turning in your lathe. Also known as drill rod, this A2 tool steel is more wear resistant than O1 and keeps a sharper cutting edge. It’s air-hardening, so it doesn’t require baths or quenching after heat treatment. This tool steel is often used for punches, blades, and hammers. These rods have been manufactured to ASTM A681 standards for performance and quality.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.

- Yield Strength: See Table
- Hardness: See Table
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C62
- Fabrication: Hot Rolled
- Specifications Met: ASTM A681
Oversized Multipurpose Air-Hardening A2 Tool Steel Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: 55,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B95 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C64
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met: ASTM A681
With an oversized diameter, these rods and discs let you finish to your exact requirements. Made of A2 steel, they are more wear resistant than O1 rods and discs. They also keep a sharper cutting edge. When heat treated for added wear resistance, they don’t require baths or quenching and can be air-hardened. A2 tool steel is widely used for punches, blades, and hammers. These rods and discs are decarb-free, which means any surface flaws created during the manufacturing process have been removed. This makes them more machinable and leads to better results from heat treating or finishing. All have been manufactured to meet ASTM A681 standards for quality and performance.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
To order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25” within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Mechanical Finish | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | 0.02" to 0.067" | Hot Rolled | Turned | Not Rated | 13" to 90" in 0.25" increments | 6172N31 | 000000 |
Oversized Wear-Resistant D2 Tool Steel Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: 50,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B95 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C62
- Specifications Met: ASTM A681
An oversized diameter allows for finishing to your exact requirements. The addition of nickel gives D2 tool steel better wear resistance than A2. This air-hardening material is often used for cutting blades, stamps, and forming dies. These rods and discs are decarb-free for a uniform surface that will consistently accept heat treating.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Heat Treatment | Mechanical Finish | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | 0.010" to 0.093" | Annealed (Softened) | Ground | 1/8" per 5 ft. | 13"-90" | 5329N31 | 000000 |
Oversized High-Temperature H13 Tool Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 239,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C54
- Specifications Met: ASTM A681
An oversized diameter on these rods allows for finishing to your exact requirements. Able to maintain good strength and wear resistance in high temperatures, H13 tool steel also resists cracking from repeated heating and cooling cycles. It's an air-hardening material that's widely used in die-casting applications.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.

To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Heat Treatment | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | 0.015" to 0.093" | Annealed (Softened) | 13"-90" | 2994N41 | 000000 |
Oversized Shock-Resistant S7 Tool Steel Rods and Discs

- Yield Strength: 50,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C55
- Specifications Met: ASTM A681
An oversized diameter allows for finishing to your exact requirements. Often made into chisels, rivets, and punches, S7 tool steel can handle repeated impact without fracturing. It is an air-hardening material. These rods and discs are decarb-free for a uniform surface that will consistently accept heat treating.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Heat Treatment | Mechanical Finish | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 3 1/2" | 0.062" to 0.109" | Annealed (Softened) | Turned | Not Rated | 13"-90" | 5224N31 | 000000 |

























