About Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Spring Steel, and Cast Iron
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About Tool Steel
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About Shafts
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About Copper, Brass, and Bronze
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Low-Carbon Steel Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength: See table
- Hardness: See table
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
Also known as mild steel, low-carbon steel is easy to machine, form, and weld. It's widely fabricated into parts that don’t require high strength, such as fixture clamps, mounting plates, and spacers. This material can be surface hardened with heat treating.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Yield Strength, psi  | Hardness | Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment | Specifications Met | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 13/16" | -0.002" to 0" | 54,000 | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 13"-90" | 0000000 | 00000 |
Tight-Tolerance Low-Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Not Rated (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
These rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance, so they're ready for turning in a lathe. Also known as mild steel, low-carbon steel is easy to machine, form, and weld. It's widely fabricated into parts that don’t require high strength, such as fixture clamps, mounting plates, and spacers. This material can be surface hardened with heat treating.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
High-Strength Easy-to-Machine 1144 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 100,000 psi
- Hardness:
Inch sizes: Rockwell C25 (Hard)
Metric sizes: Rockwell C19 (Medium) - Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met:
Inch sizes: ASTM A108, ASTM A311
Metric sizes: ASTM A108, ASTM A311
Often called Stressproof, these rods are stress-relieved to minimize warping during machining. Containing more carbon and manganese than other easy-to-machine carbon steels, 1144 offers higher yield strength and hardness, even without further heat treatment. Use it to fabricate parts that require stress resistance.
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Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C60
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Ready for turning in your lathe, these rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance. Also known as chrome-moly steel, this versatile 4140 alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress.
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High-Strength Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 130,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C32 (Hard)
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Often called ETD-150, these rods are made from a modified version of 4140 alloy steel and have been drawn at high temperatures for excellent strength. Also known as chrome-moly steel, they are used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. They resist fracturing from repeated stress.
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Multipurpose 304 Stainless Steel
From cookware to chemical-processing equipment, 304 stainless steel is a good all-around choice for a wide range of applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
304/304L stainless steel contains less carbon than standard 304 for better weldability.
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- Yield Strength: 30,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276
- Yield Strength: 30,000 psi
- Hardness: Not Rated
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 13/16" | -0.004" to 0.004" | Cold Worked | 13"-90" | 0000000 | 00000 |
Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose 304 Stainless Steel
This material has tighter tolerances than standard 304 stainless steel. From cookware to chemical-processing equipment, 304 stainless steel is a good all-around choice for a wide range of applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
Rods are precision ground and straightened, so they’re ready for turning in your lathe.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: See Table
- Hardness: See Table
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: See Table
Easy-to-Machine 303 Stainless Steel
Widely used for fabricating fittings and fasteners, 303 stainless steel machines quickly without sticking to cutting tools. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
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- Yield Strength: 25,000 psi
- Hardness:
Inch Sizes: Rockwell B77 (Medium)
Metric Sizes: Rockwell B85 (Medium) - Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch Sizes: ASTM A582
Metric Sizes: EN 10088-3
Tight-Tolerance Easy-to-Machine 303 Stainless Steel
This material has tighter tolerances than standard 303 stainless steel. Widely used for fabricating fittings and fasteners, 303 stainless steel machines quickly without sticking to cutting tools. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
Rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance, so they are ready for turning in a lathe.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 35,000 psi
- Hardness: See Table
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A582, SAE AMS5640
Corrosion-Resistant 316 Stainless Steel
The addition of molybdenum gives 316 stainless steel excellent corrosion resistance. Use it in a variety of marine and chemical-processing applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance up to the maximum temperature.
316/316L stainless steel contains less carbon than standard 316 for better weldability.
If you don’t see the rod size you’re looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength:
Inch Sizes: 30,000 psi
Metric Sizes: 29,000 psi - Hardness:
Inch Sizes: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
Metric Sizes: Rockwell B80 (Medium) - Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch Sizes: ASTM A276
- Yield Strength: 30,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.125" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Max. Temp., °F | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
316/316L Stainless Steel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13/16" | -0.002" to 0.002" | Cold Worked | 1500° | 1/8" per 5 ft. | 13"-90" | 000000000 | 00000 |
Tight-Tolerance Corrosion-Resistant 316 Stainless Steel
This material is precision ground to offer tighter tolerances than standard 316 stainless steel. The addition of molybdenum gives 316 stainless steel excellent corrosion resistance. Use it in a variety of marine and chemical-processing applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
316/316L stainless steel contains less carbon than standard 316 for better weldability.
Rods are held to a strict straightness tolerance, so they’re all set for turning in your lathe.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 30,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276, SAE AMS5648
High-Strength 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
With a higher chromium content than 15-5 PH stainless steel, this high-strength 17-4 PH offers better corrosion resistance. It is also known as 630 stainless steel. This material maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1100° F.
If you don't see the rod size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Rockwell C30 (Hard)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C45
- Specifications Met: ASTM A564, SAE AMS5643
- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Rockwell C30 (Hard)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C45
- Specifications Met: ASTM A564, SAE AMS5643
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.125" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Straightness Tolerance | Magnetic Properties | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 13/16" | -0.003" to 0.003" | Cold Drawn | 1/16" per 5 ft. | Magnetic | 13"-90" | 000000000 | 00000 |
Easy-to-Machine 416 Stainless Steel
One of the most machinable types of stainless steel available, 416 contains sulfur for fast machining without clogging cutting tools. It's used for gears, screws, and shafts. This material maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1200° F.
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Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 40,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B80 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C35
- Specifications Met: ASTM A582, SAE AMS5610, ASTM A484
Bearing-Quality 440C Stainless Steel
One of the hardest types of stainless steel after heat treating, 440C offers excellent wear and abrasion resistance. It’s often used for bearings, valves, and knife blades. This material maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 800° F.
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- Yield Strength: 65,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C60
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276, SAE AMS5630
Hardened Oversized High-Speed M2 Tool Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Rockwell C60 (Very Hard)
Also known as reamer blanks, these rods have an oversized diameter that allows for finishing to your exact requirements. They're hardened for increased abrasion and impact resistance. M2 tool steel offers a nice balance of wear resistance and machinability. It has a high molybdenum content, which allows it to maintain sharp cutting edges even at elevated temperatures.
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| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Reamer Size | Lg. | Lg. Tolerance | Mechanical Finish | Straightness Tolerance | Each | |
| 0.8125" | 0" to 0.0005" | 13/16" | 6" | -1/32" to 1/32" | Precision Ground | 0.012" per ft. | 00000000 | 000000 |
Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose Air-Hardening A2 Tool Steel Rods
Precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance, these rods are ready for turning in your lathe. They’re also known as drill rod. A2 tool steel is more wear resistant than O1 and it keeps a sharper cutting edge. This air-hardening material is widely used for punches, broaches, and dies.
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Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: See Table
- Hardness: See Table
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: See Table
- Specifications Met: ASTM A681
Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose Oil-Hardening O1 Tool Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 50,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment:
Inch sizes: Rockwell C65
Metric sizes: Rockwell C62 - Specifications Met: ASTM A681
Ready for turning in a lathe, these rods are precision ground to a tight diameter tolerance. They’re also known as drill rod. Often used for dies, punches, and gauges, O1 tool steel is an oil-hardening material that resists wear and abrasion.
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Tight-Tolerance Easy-to-Machine W1 Tool Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 50,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B95 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C65
- Specifications Met: ASTM A686
These rods, also called drill rod, are ground and held to strict diameter and straightness tolerances. They are ready to be turned in a lathe. With lower amounts of alloy elements than other tool steels, W1 offers excellent machinability. This water-hardening material is often used for hammers, files, taps, and reamers. These rods are decarb-free for a uniform surface that will consistently accept heat treating.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
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Ultra-Machinable 360 Brass Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength:
Inch sizes: 15,000 psi
Metric sizes: 23,000 psi - Hardness: See table
- Temper:
Inch sizes: H02 (1/2 Hard)
Metric sizes: 1/2 Hard - Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch sizes: ASTM B16
Metric sizes: European Standard EN 12164
With the highest lead content of all the brass alloys, 360 offers the best machinability. Often called free-machining and free-cutting brass, it stands up to high-speed drilling, milling, and tapping operations with minimal wear on your tools. It’s commonly used for gears, pinions, and lock components.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
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Multipurpose 110 Copper Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength:
Inch sizes: Not Rated
Metric sizes: 17,000 psi - Hardness:
Inch sizes: Rockwell F65 (Soft)
Metric sizes: Brinell 35 (Soft) - Temper:
6" dia. rods: M30
All other inch sizes: H04 (Full Hard)
Metric sizes: Not Rated - Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch sizes: ASTM B187
Metric sizes: European Standard EN 13601
Offering high electrical conductivity and formability, 110 copper is 99.9% pure. Also known as ETP copper, it's often used in electrical applications, such as for bus bars and wire connectors, as well as for flashing, gaskets, and rivets.
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Chemical-Resistant Slippery PTFE Rods and Discs
- Color: White
- Temperature Range: See table
- Tensile Strength: See table (Poor)
- Impact Strength: 3.5 ft.-lbs./in. (Good)
- Hardness: See table (Medium Soft)
- For Use Outdoors: Yes
- Specifications Met: See table
These rods and discs are made of PTFE, a material that surpasses most plastics when it comes to chemical resistance and performance in extreme temperatures. In addition to resisting most solvents, they are an excellent electrical insulator. They are easy to machine and have a naturally slippery surface that makes them a good choice for bearings, gears, and parts that slide and roll.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Keyed Rotary Shafts
Combine these shafts with a machine key (not included) to transmit torque to gears, sprockets, and other power transmission components. All have an ANSI standard keyway (keys not included; see our selection of key stock). Their edges are chamfered to remove sharp corners, reducing damage to bearings, housings, and other components during installation. All are turned, ground, or polished to tight diameter and straightness tolerances.
Steel shafts are generally stronger than aluminum and stainless steel shafts but not as corrosion resistant. 1045 carbon steel shafts balance high strength and good machinability, making them ideal for general purpose use.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Keyway | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lg. | Lg. | Wd. | Dp. | ANSI Keys Included | Straightness Tolerance | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Each | |
Inch—1045 Carbon Steel | ||||||||||
13/16" Dia. (Tolerance: -0.0025" to 0") | ||||||||||
| 3" | 3" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 000000 |
| 6" | 6" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 00000 |
| 9" | 9" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 00000 |
| 12" | 12" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 00000 |
| 18" | 18" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 00000 |
| 24" | 24" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 0000000 | 00000 |
| 36" | 36" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 0000000 | 00000 |
| 48" | 48" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 0000000 | 00000 |
| 72" | 72" | 0.188" | 3/32" | No | 0.013" per ft. | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 0000000 | 000000 |