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Compare over 50 grades of steel and cast iron to find the right material for you—all with material certificates for traceability.
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Low-Carbon Steel Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength: See table
- Hardness: See table
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: See table
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
Also known as mild steel, low-carbon steel is easy to machine, form, and weld. It's widely fabricated into low-strength fasteners, pins, and axles. You can surface harden this material for added wear resistance. All have been manufactured to meet ASTM standards for quality and performance.
Cold-worked rods and discs have a finished look and quality. The cold-working process gives the steel consistent strength, hardness, and dimensions throughout.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Yield Strength, psi  | Fabrication | Hardness | Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment | Specifications Met | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 2 5/8" | -0.004" to 0" | 54,000 | Cold Worked | Rockwell B70 (Medium) | Rockwell C60 | ASTM A108 | 13"-90" | 0000000 | 00000 |
High-Strength Easy-to-Machine 1144 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 100,000 psi
- Hardness:
Inch sizes: Rockwell C25 (Hard)
Metric sizes: Rockwell C19 (Medium) - Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Fabrication: Cold Drawn
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108, ASTM A311
Made with more carbon and manganese than other easy-to-machine carbon steels, 1144 carbon steel has a higher yield strength and hardness. Also known as Stressproof, these rods are stress-relieved to minimize warping during machining. Use them to fabricate parts that require stress resistance, such as gears, shafts, and bushings. For added wear resistance, these rods can be surface hardened with heat treating. All meet ASTM A108 and ASTM A311 standards for quality and performance.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance Ultra-Machinable 12L14 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 65,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B80 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C65
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Ready for turning in a lathe, these rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance. The lead additive acts as a lubricant, which allows 12L14 carbon steel to withstand very fast machining. It's used to fabricate a wide variety of machine parts, such as shaft couplings, studs, and pins. These rods meet ASTM A108 quality and performance standards. For added wear resistance, they can be surface hardened with heat treating.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Ultra-Machinable 12L14 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B85 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
The lead additive acts as a lubricant, which allows 12L14 carbon steel to withstand very fast machining. It's used to fabricate a wide variety of machine parts.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
High-Strength 1045 Carbon Steel Rods and Discs
Stronger than low-carbon steel with equally good machinability, 1045 carbon steel is widely used for bolts, studs, and shafts.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength:
Inch sizes: 77,000 psi
Metric sizes: 65,000 psi - Hardness:
Inch sizes: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
Metric sizes: Rockwell B80 (Medium) - Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met:
Inch sizes: ASTM A108
Metric sizes: ASTM A108, ASTM A576
- Yield Strength: 77,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 2 5/8" | -0.005" to 0" | 1/8" | 13"-90" | 0000000 | 00000 |
Hardened Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 95,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C28 (Hard)
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108, ASTM A193
These rods are hardened for increased abrasion and impact resistance. Also known as chrome-moly steel, this versatile 4140 alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods and Discs
Also known as chrome-moly steel, this versatile alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress. For added wear resistance, the surface can be hardened with heat treating. These rods and discs have been manufactured to meet ASTM standards for quality and performance.
Note: Rods and discs may be made from either 4140 or 4142 alloy steel. They are interchangeable in most applications.
Cold-worked steel rods and discs have a smooth, polished finish. They also have consistent mechanical properties and highly accurate dimensions.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C10 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Maximum Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C19 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Maximum Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C48
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Heat Treatment | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 2 5/8" | -0.005" to 0" | Annealed (Softened) | 13"-90" | 0000000 | 00000 |
High-Strength 4340 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 68,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
Use 4340 alloy steel for power transmission and structural applications that involve extreme impact, heat, and wear.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Multipurpose 304 Stainless Steel
From cookware to chemical-processing equipment, 304 stainless steel is a good all-around choice for a wide range of applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
304/304L stainless steel contains less carbon than standard 304 for better weldability.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 30,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276
Easy-to-Machine 303 Stainless Steel
Widely used for fabricating fittings and fasteners, 303 stainless steel machines quickly without sticking to cutting tools. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 25,000 psi
- Hardness:
Inch Sizes: Rockwell B77 (Medium)
Metric Sizes: Rockwell B85 (Medium) - Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch Sizes: ASTM A582
Metric Sizes: EN 10088-3
High-Strength 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
With a higher chromium content than 15-5 PH stainless steel, this high-strength 17-4 PH offers better corrosion resistance. It is also known as 630 stainless steel. This material maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1100° F.
If you don't see the rod size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Rockwell C30 (Hard)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C45
- Specifications Met: ASTM A564, SAE AMS5643
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.125" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Straightness Tolerance | Magnetic Properties | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 2 5/8" | -0.003" to 0.003" | Cold Drawn | 1/16" per 5 ft. | Magnetic | 13"-90" | 000000000 | 000000 |
Corrosion-Resistant 316 Stainless Steel
The addition of molybdenum gives 316 stainless steel excellent corrosion resistance. Use it in a variety of marine and chemical-processing applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance up to the maximum temperature.
316/316L stainless steel contains less carbon than standard 316 for better weldability.
If you don’t see the rod size you’re looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength:
Inch Sizes: 30,000 psi
Metric Sizes: 29,000 psi - Hardness:
Inch Sizes: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
Metric Sizes: Rockwell B80 (Medium) - Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch Sizes: ASTM A276
- Yield Strength: 30,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B75 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.125" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Max. Temp., °F | Straightness Tolerance | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
316/316L Stainless Steel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 5/8" | -0.003" to 0.003" | Cold Worked | 1500° | 1/8" per 5 ft. | 13"-90" | 000000000 | 000000 |
Easy-to-Machine 416 Stainless Steel
One of the most machinable types of stainless steel available, 416 contains sulfur for fast machining without clogging cutting tools. It's used for gears, screws, and shafts. This material maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1200° F.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 40,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B80 (Medium)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C35
- Specifications Met: ASTM A582, SAE AMS5610, ASTM A484
Bearing-Quality 440C Stainless Steel
One of the hardest types of stainless steel after heat treating, 440C offers excellent wear and abrasion resistance. It’s often used for bearings, valves, and knife blades. This material maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 800° F.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 65,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C20 (Hard)
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C60
- Specifications Met: ASTM A276, SAE AMS5630
Multipurpose 6061 Aluminum Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength: 35,000 psi
- Hardness:
Foot and inch sizes: Brinell 95 (Soft)
Metric sizes: Brinell 80 (Soft) - Temper: See table
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met:
Cold Worked: ASTM B211
Extruded: ASTM B221
Cold Rolled: ASTM B209
The most widely used aluminum, 6061 is fabricated into everything from pipe fittings and containers to automotive and aerospace parts. It is strong and corrosion resistant, plus it's easy to machine and weld.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
To Order: Please specify length in increments of 0.25" within the range listed.
| Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Fabrication | Temper | Heat Treatment | Temperature Range, °F | Choose a Length | Per Inch | |
| 2 5/8" | -0.024" to 0.024" | Extruded | T6511 | Hardened | -320° to 300° | 13"-90" | 0000000 | 00000 |
High-Strength 7075 Aluminum Rods and Discs
Originally developed for aircraft frames, uses for 7075 aluminum now include keys, gears, and other high-stress parts. It is often used as a replacement for 2024 aluminum because it’s stronger and provides similar performance in all other aspects.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 73,000 psi
- Hardness: Brinell 150 (Medium)
- Temper:
3/8" to 5/8" dia.: T6
All other sizes: T651 - Fabrication: Cold Drawn
- Specifications Met: ASTM B211, SAE AMS-QQ-A-225/9
High-Strength 2024 Aluminum Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength: 45,000 psi
- Hardness: Brinell 120 (Medium)
- Temper:
3/16" to 3/8" dia.: T4
All other sizes: T351 - Fabrication: Cold Drawn
- Specifications Met: ASTM B211, SAE AMS-QQ-A-225/6, SAE AMS4120
While 2024 aluminum was initially designed for structural components in aircraft, it's now widely used when a high strength-to-weight ratio is needed, such as for gears, shafts, and fasteners. It offers similar performance to 7075 aluminum, but it’s not as strong.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Ultra-Machinable 360 Brass Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength:
Inch sizes: 15,000 psi
Metric sizes: 23,000 psi - Hardness: See table
- Temper:
Inch sizes: H02 (1/2 Hard)
Metric sizes: 1/2 Hard - Heat Treatable: No
- Specifications Met:
Inch sizes: ASTM B16
Metric sizes: European Standard EN 12164
With the highest lead content of all the brass alloys, 360 offers the best machinability. Often called free-machining and free-cutting brass, it stands up to high-speed drilling, milling, and tapping operations with minimal wear on your tools. It’s commonly used for gears, pinions, and lock components.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Ball Screws and Nuts
Internal ball bearings provide smooth low-friction travel in applications that require high speeds, accurate positioning, and repeatable movement. Also known as single-start ball screws and nuts, they have a single thread that runs the length of the screw. They operate with more torque than fast-travel ball screws and nuts. To ensure compatibility, select components that have the same thread direction and size. Ball nuts are furnished with a tube to keep ball bearings in place. Do not remove the tube until you are ready to install the nuts onto the screws.
Black-oxide alloy steel ball screws and nuts have mild corrosion resistance.
Travel distance per turn, also known as screw lead, is the distance a ball nut moves with one revolution of the ball screw.
| Thread Size | Lg. | Dia. | No. of Thread Starts | Travel Distance per Turn | External Thread Size | Hardness | Dynamic Thrust Load Cap., lbs. | Max. Backlash | Temp. Range, °F | Each | ||
Black-Oxide Alloy Steel | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1 1/2"-2 | 5 9/16" | 2 5/8" | 1 | 0.5" | 2 23/64"-18 | Rockwell C56 | 12,900 | 0.015" | -65° to 300° | 00000000 | 0000000 |
Flange | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thread Size | Lg. | Dia. | Dia. | Thick. | No. of Thread Starts | Travel Distance per Turn | Bolt Circle Dia. | Hardness | Dynamic Thrust Load Cap., lbs. | Max. Backlash | Each | ||
Black-Oxide Alloy Steel | |||||||||||||
| D | 1 1/2"-2 | 5 19/32" | 2 5/8" | 4 15/16" | 25/32" | 1 | 0.5" | 4 1/16" | Rockwell C56 | 12,900 | 0.015" | 00000000 | 0000000 |
Fast-Travel Ball Screws and Nuts
Multiple thread channels (also known as thread starts) create faster linear travel than ball screws with a single thread start. Internal ball bearings provide smooth low-friction travel in applications that require high speeds, accurate positioning, and repeatable movement. To ensure compatibility, select components that have the same thread size and number of thread starts. Ball nuts are furnished with a tube to keep ball bearings in place. Do not remove the tube until you are ready to install the nuts onto the screws.
Black-oxide alloy steel ball nuts have mild corrosion resistance.
Travel distance per turn, also known as screw lead, is the distance a ball nut moves with one revolution of the ball screw.
Secure a way wiper on the end of a ball nut to sweep chips and other contaminants out of the way as it moves across the ball screw.
Ball Nuts | Way Wipers | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thread Size | Lg. | Wd. | Ht. | Dia. | No. of Thread Starts | Travel Distance per Turn | External Thread Size | Hardness | Dynamic Thrust Load Cap., lbs. | Max. Backlash | Temperature Range, °F | Each | Each | |||
Black-Oxide Alloy Steel | ||||||||||||||||
| C | 1 1/2"-2 | 3 3/4" | 2 1/4" | 2 1/4" | 2 5/8" | 2 | 1" | 2 1/4"-20 | Rockwell C56 | 8,000 | 0.015" | -65° to 300° | 00000000 | 0000000 | 0000000 | 0000000 |
Wear-Resistant Nylon Rods and Discs
- Color: Off-White or Black
- Max. Temperature: 185° F
- Tensile Strength: 11,200-12,300 psi (Good)
- Impact Strength: 0.6-1.4 ft.-lbs./in. (Poor)
- Hardness: Rockwell R108-R121 (Hard)
- For Use Outdoors: No
- Specifications Met:
Off-White:
1/16" Dia.: ASTM D5989, ASTM D6779, FDA Compliant 21 CFR 177.1500, UL 94 HB
1/8" Dia. and larger: ASTM D5989, ASTM D6779, FDA Compliant 21 CFR 177.1500, UL 94 V-2
Black:
ASTM D5989, ASTM D6779, UL 94 V-2
Often machined into bearings, gears, cams, and valve seats, these wear-resistant nylon 6/6 rods and discs have a slippery surface that reduces friction.
Chemical-Resistant PVC Rods and Discs
- Color: Gray
- Temperature Range: 5° to 140° F
- Tensile Strength: 7,000-7,800 psi (Good)
- Impact Strength: 0.7-3 ft.-lbs./in. (Poor)
- Hardness: Rockwell R110-R120 (Hard)
- Specifications Met: UL 94 V-0
- For Use Outdoors: No
Often used to make valve and tank parts for chemical-processing applications, these rods and discs have excellent resistance to acids and alkalies. They’re PVC Type 1, which is easy to thermoform. These rods are also excellent electrical insulators.